六级写作与翻译¶

约 3884 个字预计阅读时间 13 分钟

第一部分：六级写作（模板框架与分类）¶

一、核心理念¶

六级写译部分普遍**压分**，网上常见的“无脑模板”得分很低。
模板的真正作用：构建全文框架，明确写作方向，而非凑字数。
基础薄弱同学可直接套用，想刷分同学需结合话题进行创作。
六级写作**全部为议论文**，难点不在题型，而在“切题”和“给分”。

二、审题关键¶

必须严格按题目要求写全内容。
例：题目要求写“importance”和“measures”，两个内容都不能少；若“measures”加了“-s”，则措施不少于一条。

三、五种议论文类型分类¶

类型	代表真题	题目要求
1. 意义措施类	2016年12月（创新）	写重要性 + 措施
2. 观点选择类	2017年6月（国内/国外上大学）	二选一，给出建议
3. 现象解释类	2016年6月（线上学习）	想象某种现象发生会怎样
4. 谚语警句类	2017年12月（“尊重他人，你也会被尊重”）	评论谚语，要求举例
5. 图画类	2015年12月（社交网站对阅读的影响）	根据图画写作（近年极少考）

四、通用写作框架（以“意义措施类”为蓝本）¶

第一段：话题引入与阐述¶

首句（话题引入）——介词短语 + 主语从句（8个高分句型，避免“with the development of”）

常用句型：

There is little doubt that… 毫无疑问...
It cannot be denied that… 不可否认...
It is beyond doubt that… 毫无疑问...
It is generally accepted that… 人们普遍认为...
There is a growing recognition that… 人们越来越认识到...
It has been widely noted that… 人们普遍注意到...
It goes without saying that… 不用说的是...

that 后面跟两种选择：

① ______ plays an extremely important role.
② Nothing is more important than ______.
important 可替换为：indispensable / significant / essential / crucial / fundamental

首句完整结构：介词短语 + 主语从句 + 主题内容
例：In a rapidly developing society, it is generally accepted that innovation plays a fundamental role in personal progress and national development.

次句（话题阐述）——结构：主题词 + 非限制性定语从句 + 模板句

非限制性定语从句两种选择： - 选择1：人们认为该现象…, which is held by many to be…（后接名词或形容词） - 选择2：带来…影响, which exerts a great impact / a positive influence / a negative impact on…

模板句两种选择： - 选择1：sth has/have captured/drawn one’s attention.（某事吸引了某人注意力） - 选择2：sth has/have emerged into our vision.（某事出现在视野中）

例：Innovation, which is held by many to be core competitiveness, has captured a great deal of public attention.

第二段：主体论述（核心得分点）¶

过渡句（直接套用） - 选择1：There are two fundamental factors contributing to this phenomenon. - 选择2：As regards to the social implication of ______, my discussion on the issue is mainly twofold.

第一方面：背景句 + 论据 + 论点¶

背景句（4个角度，根据话题选择） 1. 社会竞争：In a society where competition in job markets becomes increasingly fierce (stiff), 2. 科技发展：In an age where globalization and information technology revolution are developing (advancing) rapidly, 3. 经济发展：In an age where people’s standard of living has been raised significantly, 4. 教育/媒体：In an age where parents and educators always focus on sth，/ In an age where sth have (not) been highly advocated in mass media,

论据（模板句） - an increasing number of people find it helpful/difficult/harmful to enhance our competitiveness. - 其他常用：to keep up with the change of society / to obtain a decent job 等

论点（模板句） - Thus continuous self innovation is not a choice, but a must to meet the ever-growing demands of our society.（语气强烈） - Thus continuous self innovation is a wise choice to meet the ever-growing demands of our society.（语气缓和） - 只需将主题词替换即可

第二方面：not only…but also… + 举例 / 虚拟语气 / 条件状语

not only…but also… 结构要求：分“一小一大”两方面（个人/小范围 + 社会/国家/大范围）

写作素材（可直接套用） - overcome difficulties and challenges 克服困难和挑战 - achieve success 取得成功 - accumulate knowledge 增长知识 - broaden our horizons 开拓视野 - expand social circle 扩大社交圈 - enrich our minds/lives 丰富思想/生活 - protect our living environment and conserve energy 保护环境，节约能源 - promote social harmony 促进社会和谐 - preserve and carry forward traditional Chinese culture 保护和发扬中国传统文化

举例模板（举具体的人或事物） - For example, Einstein, honored for his success in the theory of relativism, is always remembered for the spirit of innovation, which makes him one of the greatest scientists. - For instance, Apple, honored for its success in mobile phone and personal computer, is always remembered for its collaboration with Google in software, which makes them the most competitive technology company in the world. - For instance, Confucius, honored for his success in education and philosophy in ancient times, is always remembered for showing a great respect to others, which makes him the most famous educator and philosopher.

备选方案（不会举例时使用）

观点选择类：if 虚拟语气（与现在事实相反）
If it were not for the science and technology, our daily life today would not be so convenient and colorful.
现象解释类：if 条件状语从句
If people always work with traditional thinking, they will be replaced by robots.

第三段：总结与措施¶

总结句（模板） - To sum up / Based on the reasons above, it is of great benefit for us to ______ during college and learn how to ______.

措施（根据题目要求写1-2条） - 措施1（政府角度）：Specifically, the fundamental way in which the government advocates this spirit is to enhance people’s awareness. - 措施2（学校/媒体角度）：Meanwhile, the school should also join in the efforts in promoting quality-oriented education. - 可根据主题替换关键词，如：advocates sensible use of robots / advocates a wholesome atmosphere 等

五、其他类型模板的差异化处理¶

1. 观点选择类¶

首段差异：增加“二选一”立场表达
Opinions vary greatly when it comes to whether one should choose A or B. If I were you, I would like to take A as my major.
中间段第二方面差异：用 if 虚拟语气 替代举例

2. 现象解释类¶

首段差异：话题阐述末尾增加 if 条件句引出现象
Robots, which is held by many to be controversial, will capture a great deal of public attention if robots replace human beings in the future.
中间段第二方面差异：用 if 条件状语从句 替代举例

3. 谚语警句类¶

首段差异：直接引用谚语
Just as the saying goes, “Respect others, and you will be respected”, which exerts a positive influence on daily communication.
中间段第二方面差异：必须使用举例（因题目明确要求）
考察频率低，但一旦考到就是难点

4. 图画类¶

仅在首段增加“图画描述”，其余同意义措施类
考察频率极低（上次考察为2016年）

六、完整模板演示（意义措施类）¶

第一段
In a rapidly developing society, it is generally accepted that innovation plays a fundamental role in personal progress and national development. Innovation, which is held by many to be core competitiveness, has captured a great deal of public attention.

第二段
As regards to the social implication of innovation, my discussion on the issue is mainly twofold. On the one hand, in a society where competition in job markets becomes increasingly fierce, an increasing number of people find it helpful to enhance our competitiveness. Thus, continuous self innovation is not a choice, but a must to meet the ever-growing demands of our society. On the other hand, people with the spirit of innovation can not only accumulate various knowledge, but also promote social science and technology innovation. For example, Einstein, honored for his success in the theory of relativism, is always remembered for the spirit of innovation, which makes him one of the greatest scientists.

第三段
To sum up, it is of great benefit for us to cultivate innovative spirit during college and learn how to create some new inventions. Specifically, the fundamental way in which the government advocates this spirit is to enhance people’s awareness. Meanwhile, the school should also join in the efforts in promoting quality-oriented education.

第二部分：六级翻译（核心技巧与方法）¶

一、核心理念¶

写作和翻译都是将中文转换为英文，但翻译不能回避难点。
一个句子有多种正确译法，只要意思正确、语法无误，都能得分。
不要被参考答案带偏：参考答案只是众多版本之一，往往用词较难。
例：“荷花深受人们喜爱”
参考答案：The lotus is exceedingly popular.
同等正确译法：The lotus is deeply loved by people. / The lotus is well loved by people.
先求稳，再去秀：写对 > 写难；简单正确 > 华丽错误。

二、评分标准¶

13-15分：译文准确，用词贴切，行文流畅，基本无语言错误
10-12分：基本表达原文意思，文字勉强连贯，有少量语言错误
重点扣分项：语法错误、谓语动词问题、修饰后置处理不当

三、必备翻译技巧（三大中英差异）¶

技巧1：修饰后置¶

中英文最大差异：中文修饰前置，英文修饰后置（主干语序一致）

① 介词短语后置 - 处理方式：调整语序，将“的”前的定语、“地”前的状语后置 - 语序调整规律：原顺序 1(主语)-2(定语)-3(谓语)-4(地点)-5(时间) → 2-1-5-4-3 - 例句：过中秋节的习俗于唐代早期在中国各地开始流行。译文：The tradition of celebrating/spending Mid-Autumn Festival became popular throughout China in the early Tang Dynasty.

② 定语从句 - 当定语部分出现**动词**时，使用定语从句 - 例句：对于那些月薪较低却渴望在大城市拥有一套属于自己的体面、舒适的栖身之所的人来说，高昂的房价是他们无法承受的负担。译文：For those people who earn less but are eager to own a decent and comfortable place of their own in a big city, the high housing price is a heavy burden that they cannot afford. - 非限制性定语从句：当题目出现“这、该、其”指代前文整件事时使用 which 例句：大学生之间的竞争也越来越激烈，这导致任何一名大学生找到工作的机会都变小了。译文：The competition among graduates has become more and more fierce, which results in the fact that the chance that any individual graduate finds a job has decreased.

③ 插入语/同位语 - 适用场景：句子开头出现“名词解释”（xx是xx） - 优势：简化句子结构，只需处理一个谓语动词 - 例句：旅游业是最近二十年来在世界各地迅速发展的一个行业，现在正引起中国公众越来越大的注意。译文：Tourism, a fast developing industry for the last two decades all over the world, now draws more and more attention of Chinese public. - 例句：世界贸易组织是成立于1995年1月1日的，目的是确保一个稳定的全球贸易经济环境。译文：The WTO, founded on January 1^st, 1995, aims to ensure a stable environment of trading and economy in the world.

技巧2：多动句¶

中文一个句子可有多个动词并列，英文有且只有一个谓语动词。

处理方式： 1. 非谓语动词（首选，95%以上适用） 2. 连词 and 3. 其他连词

判断技巧：哪个动词离主语最近，哪个处理成谓语动词，其余处理成非谓语动词 - 主动：现在分词 -ing - 被动：过去分词 -ed - 表示目的：动词不定式 to do

例句1：政府已设定目标减少污染，提高能源效率，改善得到教育和医保的机会，并扩大社会保障。译文：The government has set goals to reduce pollution, enhance energy efficiency, improve opportunities to get education and medical insurance, and expand the social security.

例句2：鉴于这一状况，政府近来采取了一系列的措施来防止房价过快增长，包括提高利率及增加房产税等。译文：For this reason, the government has taken a series of measures to prevent the housing price from raising too fast, including raising interest rates and increasing taxes on real estate etc.

例句3：漫步在花园中，人们可以看到一系列精心设计的景观犹如山水画卷一般展现在面前。译文：Wandering in the garden, people can see that a series of well-designed views emerge just like a painting.

技巧3：无主句¶

中文可以没有主语，英文必须有主语。

处理方式： 1. 变被动（首选） 2. 补充主语 3. There be 句型（主语非人，出现“有、存在”时）

例句1：至今已有约120个中文词加进了牛津英语词典，成了英语语言的一部分。译文：So far, about 120 Chinese words have been added to Oxford English Dictionary, becoming a part of the English language.

例句2：另有850亿元用于新建或升级城市垃圾处理和污水处理设施，加上300亿元投资未来三年的植树造林。译文：Another 85 billion yuan will be used to build or upgrade the facilities for treatment of urban garbage and sewage and additional 30 billion yuan will be invested in forestation in the next three years.

例句3：宴席通常至少有一道汤，可以最先或最后上桌。译文：There usually is at least one soup in the feast, which can be served at the beginning or at last.

例句4：中国地方戏种类很多，其中京剧是一个具有代表性的剧种。译文：There are many kinds of local operas in China, one of which is Peking Opera, a representative one.

四、翻译操作方法（三步流程）¶

第一步：找到句子范围，提炼主干¶

确定一个句子的范围，提炼主谓宾或主系表
以简单句为主，并列句、名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句为辅

第二步：将修饰部分翻译，按“修饰后置”融入主干¶

单词不会写的降级策略：单词 → 短语 → 从句 → 单句解释
若主干翻译受阻，可重新选择或替换原句的主语、谓语、系动词
例：牡丹花色艳丽，形象高雅，象征着和平与繁荣。 多种译法：
拆成两句：Peony is colorful and elegant. It symbolizes peace and prosperity.
定语从句：Peony is colorful and elegant, which symbolizes peace and prosperity.
非谓语动词：Peony is colorful and elegant, symbolizing peace and prosperity.
介词短语：Peony with a gorgeous color and elegant image is the symbol of peace and prosperity.
同位语：Peony, colorful and elegant, is the symbol of peace and prosperity.

第三步：检查改正¶

重点检查：谓语动词单复数、谓语动词唯一性、时态、从句结构
每一个错误都会扣很多分

五、完整真题示例（荷花 2019.12）¶

中文原句	译文示例
荷花是中国的名花之一，深受人们喜爱。	The lotus is one of the famous flowers in China, which is deeply loved by people.
中国许多地方的湖泊和池塘都适宜荷花生长。	The lakes and ponds in many parts of China are suitable for the lotus to grow.
荷花色彩鲜艳，夏日清晨绽放，夜晚闭合，花期长达两三个月，吸引来自各地的游客前往观赏。	The lotus is bright in color, blooming in the summer morning and closing at night, with a flowering period of two or three months, attracting tourists from all over the world to appreciate it.
荷花具有多种功能，既能绿化水面，又能美化庭院，还可以净化水质、减少污染、改善环境。	The lotus has many functions. It can not only afforest green water surface and beautify courtyard, but also purify water quality, reduce pollution and improve environment.
荷花迎骄阳而不惧，出淤泥而不染，象征纯洁、高雅，常来比喻人的高尚品德，历来是诗人画家创作的重要题材。	The lotus is fearless when facing the sun, pure and elegant when coming out of the mud. It is often used as a metaphor for people‘s noble character, which has always been a vital theme in the creation of poets and painters.
荷花盛开的地方也是许多摄影爱好者经常光顾之地。	The place where the lotus blooms is also the resort visited by photographers frequently.

备考总结¶

写作：主攻“意义措施类”模板，熟练掌握其他类型在“首段”和“中间段第二方面”的差异化处理
翻译：重点关注“修饰后置”和“多动句”，这是六级翻译的核心考点
共同原则：先保证语法正确和切题，再追求表达丰富度
避免常见错误：谓语动词唯一性、三单、时态一致、从句结构完整
单词问题：专有名词不会写时，阅卷相对仁慈；但基础词汇（如中秋节、春节等）必须掌握